Obverse Obverse legend: + KAROLVS * FRAN * REX. Obverse description: Croix pattée. REVERSE Reverse legend: DALPHIS * VIENENSIS. Reverse description: Dolphin surmounted by a fleur-de-lis. HISTORICAL CHARLES VII THE VICTORIOUS (30/10 / 1422-22 / 07/1461) Born in Paris in 1403, Charles was the son of Charles VI and Isabeau of Bavaria. On his accession to the throne, Charles VII was king only for the southern part of France (Anjou, Touraine, Berry, Marche, Bourbonnais, Auvergne, Forez, Languedoc). Normandy, northern Maine, Chartrain, Île-de-France, Champagne and Brie, Calais and Guyenne, Brittany and Burgundy state (Duchy of Burgundy, counties of Flanders and Artois, Rethel, Nevers, Mâcon and Charolais ) recognized Henry VI as King of France and England. The Duke of Bedford, installed in Paris, had left the government of England to Beaufort and Gloucester. The "king of Bourges" had with him the houses of Bourbon, Orleans and Anjou-Provence. The first years of the war were uncertain. In 1428, the English decided to occupy Orleans and cross the Loire. It was then that Joan of Arc appeared, a young girl from Lorraine, who, having heard voices ordering her to free France from the English yoke, went to Chinon to see Charles VII. They gave him men and weapons. On May 6, 1429, it launched the assault against the English stuck in front of Orleans and unblocked the city. On June 18, the French defeated the English at Patay, Troyes was reached on July 10; on the 17th Charles was sacred in Reims. The towns of Champagne soon returned to the obedience of the legitimate sovereign. The winter campaign of 1429-1430 was less fortunate: the royal army failed in front of Paris. As for the Duke of Burgundy, he now swayed between the two parties. In May 1430, Jeanne was taken by the Burgundians in front of Compiègne. They handed it over to the English for ransom. On May 30, 1431, after a witchcraft trial, the Maid was burned in Rouen. However, the French reconquest continued. In 1434, the Normans rose up against the English occupier. On November 12, 1437, Charles VII entered Paris. The "Burgundian" Parliament of Paris and the "Armagnac" Parliament of Poitiers merged. A truce was concluded in 1444 and broken in 1449. The reconquest of northern France took place in one year (1449-1450). The English were definitively defeated at Formigny on April 15, 1450. The conquest of Guyenne, faithful to its overseas sovereign, was more difficult. Bordeaux and Bayonne were taken in 1451, Bordeaux recaptured by the English from Talbot in 1452. Finally, on July 17, 1453, in Castillon, Talbot was defeated and killed. Bordeaux was definitively resumed in November 1453. Joan of Arc's rehabilitation trial took place in 1456. From now on, the War of the Roses paralyzed Albion. The Council of Constance (1414-1418) had put an end to the Great Schism by bringing to the papal throne Martin V (1417), who convoked the Council of Basel (1431-1448). It is in this context that Charles VII promulgated the Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges (1438) which deprived the pope of the collation of ecclesiastical benefits and recognized the superiority of the Council over the sovereign pontiff. The great seigneurial dynasties remained masters of half the kingdom (Brittany, Foix, Armagnac, Albret, Burgundy). Their coalitions, such as the Praguerie of 1440, failed, despite the disagreement between Charles VII and his son, the Dauphin Louis. In this autumn of the Middle Ages, the royal monarchy was reborn stronger than ever. The Englishman defeated, he still had to overcome the great feudal principalities.