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SILVER HOLLOWARE BY BRACIA BUCH
#933
W. WARSZAWIE
DECORATIVE TEA STRAINER / SIFT
MADE IN OCCUPIED POLAND
BY THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE
CIRCA 1845 - 1892
INS AND OUTS
REPOUSSE LAUREL LEAVES
SILVER OVER COPPER?
SPOON SHOWS AGE WEAR AND USE
BESIDES CHARACTER INSCRIPTION
VISIBLE IS A SMALL SILVER HALLMARK OF THE RUSSIA EMPIRICAL DOUBLE EAGLE
THE PIECE MEASURES ABOUT 20cm LONG
THE BASIN IS 6cm ACROSS ABOUT 1.5cm DEEP.
Bros. Buch.
This company first was known under the German name Gebrüder Buch. As early as 1809 this firm opened a factory in St. Petersburg mainly producing the buttons for army uniforms. Around 1860 Gebrüder Buch decided to open a branch in Warsaw and commissioned two jewellers of German origin, Agaton Buch and Ludwik Mauss. I do not know whether Agaton was one of the Brothers Buch or a relative of theirs. In 1865, these people bought a Neusilber factory in Warsaw, opened in 1830 by Gebrüder Henniger & Co., renowned pioneer of Neusilber production, who opened a Neusilber foundry in Berlin as early as 1824. Neusilber is known under different trade names, such as Alpacca, Argentan, Alfenide, Maillechort, etc. The Warsaw branch of Gebrüder Henniger company was operated by Gustaw Henniger. Again, I do not know if Gustaw was one of the Brothers Henniger or not. In 1872 the whole company Gebrüder Buch was honoured by a Gold Medal at the Moscow Exhibition and got the right to print Russian State Coat of Arms on his production. The Warsaw branch of Bros. Buch also started to print a two-headed eagle on his silver plate items, but this didn't save the foundry from the bankruptcy. In 1882 this firm was absorbed by their former trade partner, Norblin & Co. However, Bros. Buch continued to produce the items under their own mark until at least 1893.
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FYI
Warsaw is the capital and largest city of Poland. It is located on the Vistula River, roughly 260 kilometres (160 mi) from the Baltic Sea and 300 kilometres (190 mi) from the Carpathian Mountains. Its population in 2010 was estimated at 1,716,855 residents with a greater metropolitan area of 2,631,902 residents, making Warsaw the 10th most populous city proper in the European Union. The area of the city covers 516.9 square kilometres (199.6 sq mi), while the city's agglomeration covers 6,100.43 square kilometres (2,355.39 sq mi).
Warsaw is an Alpha- global city, a major international tourist destination and an important economic hub in Central and Eastern Europe. It is also known as the "phoenix city" because it has survived many wars throughout its bloody history. Most notably when the city had to be painstakingly rebuilt after the extensive damage it suffered from World War II, during which 80% of its buildings were destroyed. On 9 November 1940 the city was awarded Poland's highest military decoration for heroism, the Virtuti Militari, for the Siege of Warsaw (1939).
Warsaw has given its name to the Warsaw Confederation, the Warsaw Pact, the Duchy of Warsaw, the Warsaw Convention, the Treaty of Warsaw, the Warsaw Uprising and the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. The Warszawianka is widely considered the unofficial anthem of the city.
Etymology and names
Warsaw's name in the Polish language, Warszawa (also formerly spelled Warszewa and Warszowa), means "belonging to Warsz", Warsz being a shortened form of the masculine name of Slavic origin Warcis?aw; see also etymology of Wroc?aw. Folk etymology attributes the city name to a fisherman Wars and his wife Sawa. According to legend, Sawa was a mermaid living in the Vistula River who Wars fell in love with. Actually, Warsz was a 12th/13th century nobleman who owned a village located at the site of today's Mariensztat neighbourhood. The official city name in full is miasto sto?eczne Warszawa (English: "The Capital City of Warsaw"). A native or resident of Warsaw is known as a Varsovian.
Other names for Warsaw include Warschau (German and Dutch), Varsovia (Spanish and Latin), Varsovie (French), Varsavia (Italian), ???????/Varshe (Yiddish), ????/Varsha (Hebrew), ???????/Varshava (Bulgarian, Macedonian, Russian and Serbian), Varšava (Slovak, Czech, Latvian, Slovenian, Serbian and Croatian), Varšuva (Lithuanian), Varsó (Hungarian), ?? (Huásh?, "flower sand") (Traditional Chinese) and ???????/fersofia (Arabic).
The first fortified settlements on the site of today's Warsaw were Bródno (9th/10th century) and Jazdów (12th/13th century). After Jazdów was raided, a new similar settlement was established on the site of a small fishing village called Warszowa. The P?ock prince Boles?aw II of Masovia, established this settlement, the modern Warsaw, about 1300. In the beginning of the 14th century it became one of the seats of the Dukes of Masovia, becoming the capital of Masovia in 1413. Fourteenth-century Warsaw's economy rested on crafts and trade. Upon the extinction of the local ducal line, the duchy was reincorporated into the Polish Crown in 1526.
19th and 20th centuries
Warsaw remained the capital of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth until 1795, when it was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia to become the capital of the province of South Prussia. Liberated by Napoleon's army in 1806, Warsaw was made the capital of the newly created Duchy of Warsaw. Following the Congress of Vienna of 1815, Warsaw became the centre of the Congress Poland, a constitutional monarchy under a personal union with Imperial Russia. The Royal University of Warsaw was established in 1816.
Following the repeated violations of the Polish constitution by the Russians, the 1830 November Uprising broke out. However, the Polish-Russian war of 1831 ended in the uprising's defeat and in the curtailment of the Kingdom's autonomy. On 27 February 1861 a Warsaw crowd protesting against the Russian rule over Poland was fired upon by the Russian troops. Five people were killed. The Underground Polish National Government resided in Warsaw during January Uprising in 1863–64.
Warsaw flourished in the late 19th century under Mayor Sokrates Starynkiewicz (1875–92), a Russian-born general appointed by Tsar Alexander III. Under Starynkiewicz Warsaw saw its first water and sewer systems designed and built by the English engineer William Lindley and his son, William Heerlein Lindley, as well as the expansion and modernisation of trams, street lighting and gas works.
The history of contemporary civilisation knows no event of greater importance than the Battle of Warsaw, 1920, and none of which the significance is less appreciated.
The Russian Empire Census of 1897 recorded 626,000 people living in Warsaw, making it the third-largest city of the Empire after St. Petersburg and Moscow.
Warsaw became the capital of the newly independent Poland in 1918. In the course of the Polish-Bolshevik War of 1920, the huge Battle of Warsaw was fought on the eastern outskirts of the city in which the capital was successfully defended and the Red Army defeated. Poland stopped by itself the full brunt of the Red Army and defeated an idea of the "export of the revolution".
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