Spilanthes oleracea is a type of flowering herb that belongs to the Asteraceae family. It is widely known by several common names, including the toothache plant, paracress, Sichuan buttons, buzz buttons, tingflowers, and electric daisy. The precise origin of this plant is somewhat uncertain, but it is believed to have originated from a Brazilian species related to the genus Acmella. Besides its use as a medicinal herb in various cultures around the globe, Spilanthes oleracea is also cultivated for its ornamental value, especially since it has the ability to attract fireflies when it blooms.
This small, upright plant is known for its rapid growth and produces striking gold and red flowers. While it is sensitive to frost, it can thrive as a perennial in regions with warmer climates. The specific name "oleracea" is derived from Latin, meaning "vegetable" or "herbal," emphasizing its historical use as an edible plant.
In terms of culinary applications, the fresh leaves of Spilanthes oleracea can be shredded in small quantities to lend a unique flavor to salads. However, when cooked, the leaves lose much of their intense flavor and can be used similarly to other leafy greens. In northern Brazil, especially in the state of Pará, both fresh and cooked leaves are a common ingredient in local dishes such as stews, where they are often combined with chili peppers and garlic to enhance flavor while also providing additional nutritional value.
One of the most distinctive features of this plant is found in its flower buds. These buds have a grassy taste that is quickly followed by a strong tingling or numbing sensation, often accompanied by excessive salivation and a cooling feeling in the throat. Because of these sensations, the buds are popularly known as "buzz buttons," "Sichuan buttons," "sansho buttons," and "electric buttons."