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LIFE Magazine
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ISSUE DATE:
REMARKABLE AMERICAN WOMEN, 1776-1976
IN THIS ISSUE:-
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This description copyright MOREMAGAZINES. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
INTRODUCTION:
This LIFE Special Report is, simply, an American family album which concentrates exclusively on one side of the family. It is not a treatise on womanhood in America, nor is it a catalogue of the "most important" women in American history. It is a gallery of individuals, living and dead, whom we consider remarkable, either because of the notable things they have done or the extraordinary fives they have led.
We tried to reflect the diversity of women's achievements in the arts, in politics, in business, science, social work, in adventure and sports-even in the world of crime. We wanted to be sure that different regions of the nation were represented-we solicited suggestions from historical societies in all 50 states. This is not an album confined to Big Names: some current celebrities, especially "media personalities," were dropped to make room for surprises and discoveries from our rich past. Some of our choices: the architect who built Hearst's pleasure castle at San Simeon; the young woman who in the days of sail traveled around the globe in less than 80 days; the underworld mama whom J. Edgar Hoover once described as the most brilliant criminal mind in America. They include the doctor who practically invented the field of industrial medicine, and the Navy mathematician who steered the Armed Services into the computer age. The fact that so many of these women are unknown perhaps reflects a male bias in American biographical and historical writing.
A common problem connects the fives of many of the women here-quite simply that of being a woman, of trying to achieve recognition in a society where most values and standards have been set by men. We thought it appropriate, therefore, to include in this Special Report a 13-page section on women who have devoted their fives to the struggle for women's rights-a span reaching from the 19th century pioneers such as Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton to today's Gloria Steinem and Betty Friedan.
As with most family albums, many of our pictures capture a private moment and are published here for the first time. Our time frame is the life of the Republic, and the issue includes women from every generation of our life as a nation, from Abigail Adams to Janice Joplin, Dorothea Dix to Angela Davis. It was excruciatingly hard work leaving women out. We started with a fist of more than a thousand remarkable women, then narrowed it to 300. Painfully, we worked that down to the 166 presented here. No particular magic about 166-that was all we had room for. We salute them all as independent spirits who broke free from passive, home-hugging stereotypes, and made a difference in American fife.
PAGE 4: LEGENDARY LIVES: In unique and varied ways they have extended the boundaries of experience:
Abigail Adams -- 1744-1818.
Pearl Buck -- 1892-1973.
Jennie Jerome Churchill -- 1854-1921.
Amelia Earhart -- 1897-1937.
Lillian Gilbreth -- 1878-1972.
Phoebe Hearst -- 1842-1919.
Julia Ward Howe -- 1819-1910.
Janis Joplin -- 1943-1970.
Anne Morrow Lindbergh -- 1906-.
Clare Boothe Luce -- 1903-.
Lucretia Mott -- 1793-1880.
Mother Seton -- 1774-1821.
Baby Doe Tabor -- 1862-1935.
Wallis Simpson Windsor -- 1896-.
PAGE 17 -- THE DEBT WE OWE, the Choices We Face A personal perspective on remarkable American women, By Jane Howard.
PAGE 19 -- WINNERS IN A MAN'S WORLD: A share of the power:
Bella Abzug 1920-.
Olive Ann Beech 1903-.
Nellie Bly 1865?-1922.
Sarah Caldwell 1928-.
Katharine Graham 1917-.
Barbara Jordan 1936-.
Mary Wells Lawrence 1928.
Tillie Lewis 1904-.
Belva Lockwood 1830-1917.
Rebecca Lukens 1794-1854.
Julia Morgan 1872-1957.
Annie Smith Peck 1850-1935 .
Frances Perkins 1880-1965 .
Jeannette Piccard 1895-.
Lydia E. Pinkham 1819-1883.
Jeannette Rankin 1880-1973.
Helena Rubinstein 1870-1965.
Dorothy Thompson 1894-1961.
Barbara Walters 1931-.
PAGE 28 -- WILD WILD WOMEN -- Eccentrics, outlaws and conpersons who stood out from the crowd:
"Ma" Barker 1872-1935.
Lizzie Borden 1860-1927.
Calamity Jane 1852?-1903.
Cassie Chadwick 1857?-1907.
Hetty Green 1834-1916.
Texas Guinan 1884-1933.
Aimee Semple McPherson 1890-1944 .
Carry Nation 1846-1911.
Evelyn Nesbit 1885-1967.
Peggy O'Neale 1799-1879.
"Mammy" Pleasant 1814?-1904.
Belle Starr 1848-1889..
PAGE 37 -- NOBLE CAUSES: Crusaders for the sick, poor and oppressed:
Joan Baez 1941.
Mary McLeod Bethune 1875-1955.
Angela Davis 1944.
Dorothy Day 1897.
Dorothea Dix 1802-1887.
Mary Baker Eddy 1821-1910.
Elizabeth Gurley Flynn 1890-1964.
Emma Goldman 1869-1940.
Dolores Huerta 1930.
"Mother" Jones 1830-1930.
Rose Hawthorne Lathrop 1851-192(.
Lottie Moon 1840-1912.
Agnes Smedley 1892?-1950.
Harriet Beecher Stowe 1811-1896.
Ida Tarbell 1857-1944.
Harriet Tubman 1820?-1913.
Sarah Winnemucca 1844?-1891.
Frances Wright 1795-1852.
PAGE 43 -- THE CREATIVE IMPULSE: Rich offerings from the realms of art:
Mary Cassatt 1844-1926.
Willa Cather 1873-1947 .
Imogen Cunningham 1883-1976 .
Emily Dickinson 1830-1886 .
Isadora Duncan 1878-1927 .
Helen Frankenthaler 1928.
Martha Graham 1894.
Lillian Hellman 1906.
Helen Hokinson 1893-1949 .
Harriet Hosmer 1830-1908 .
Dorothea Lange 1895-1965 .
Rosina Lhevinne 1880 .
Edna St. Vincent Millay 1892-1950 .
Harriet Monroe 1860-1936 .
Marianne Moore 1887-1972 .
Grandma Moses 1860-1961.
Louise Nevelson 1899-.
Georgia O'Keeffe 1887.
Leontyne Price 1926.
Gertrude Stein 1874-1946 .
Twyla Tharp 1942.
Edith Wharton 1862-1937 .
Mary Lou Williams 1910.
PAGE 61 -- ATHLETES: The drive to be champion:
Tenley Albright 1935.
Gertrude Ederle 1906.
Billie Jean King 1943.
Andrea Mead Lawrence 1932.
Wilma Rudolph 1940.
Eleonora Sears 1881-1968.
Helen Wills 1906.
Babe Didrikson Zaharias 1911-1956.
PAGE 67 -- Quest of the Mind: High achievement in the exploration of earth, stars and ourselves:
Ruth Benedict 1887-1948 .
Rachel Carson 1907-1964 .
Margaret Fuller 1810-1850 .
Alice Hamilton 1869-1970 .
Edith Hamiltion 1867-1965 .
Grace Hopper 1906.
Karen Horney 1885-1952 .
Jane Jacobs 1916.
Maria Goeppert Mayer 1906-1972 .
Margaret Mead 1901.
Maria Mitchell 1818-1889 .
Ayn Rand 1905.
Florence Sabin 1871-1953 .
Ellen Semple 1863-1932 .
Susan Sontag 1933.
Helen Taussig 1898.
Chien-Shiung Wu 1912.
PAGE 73 -- THETASTEMAKERS: From high society to Sesame Street ...shaping the nation's style:
Louisa May Alcott 1832-1888.
Caroline Astor 1830-1908.
Catharine Beecher 1800-1878.
Irene Castle 1893-1969.
Edna Woolman Chase 1877-1957 .
Julia Child 1912- .
Joan Ganz Cooney 1929.
Elsie de Wolfe 1865-1950.
Fannie Farmer 1857-1915.
Sarah Hale 1788-1879.
Mary Margaret McBride 1899-1976 .
Claire McCardell 1905-1958 .
Dolley Madison 1768-1849.
Irna Phillips 1903-1973 .
Emily Post 1873-1960 .
Madame C. J. Walker 1867-1919.
PAGE 82 -- FOOTLIGHTS: A song, a dream, a smile:
Maude Adams 1872-1953.
Josephine Baker 1906-1975.
Lucille Ball 1911.
Ethel Barrymore 1879-1959.
Lotta Crabtree 1847-1924.
Hallie Flanagan Davis 1890-1969.
Colleen Dewhurst 1924.
Judy Garland 1922-1969.
Helen Hayes 1900-.
Katharine Hepburn 19o9.
Adah Isaacs Menken 1835?-1868.
Marilyn Monroe 1926-1962.
Mary Pickford 1893.
Lillian Russell 1861-1922.
Bessie Smith 1894-1937.
Barbra Streisand 1942.
Shirley Temple 1928.
Mae West 1893.
PAGE 94 -- WOMEN FOR WOMEN: Pioneers in the struggle for equal rights:
Susan B. Anthony 1820-1906 .
Elizabeth Blackwell 1821-1910 .
Tennessee Claflin 1845-1923.
Abigail Scott Duniway 1834-1915.
Betty Friedan 1921.
Charlotte Perkins Gilman 1860-1935.
Juliette Gordon Low 1860-1927.
Mary Lyon 1797-1849.
Ellen Swallow Richards 1842-1911.
Margaret Sanger 1883-1966.
Elizabeth Cady Stanton 1815-1902.
Gloria Steinem 1934.
Lucy Stone 1818-1893.
Frances Willard 1839-1898.
Victoria Woodhull 1838-1927.
PAGE 100 -- ALICE PAUL:
At 91 the former suffrage leader
still promotes her brainchild-the ERA.
By Vivian Gornick.
PAGE 105 -- ONWARD THE SISTERHOOD -- These days the action is collective
Text by Gaylen Moore, photographed by Neal Slavin.
PAGE 110 FIVE GREAT SPIRITS: They have put us in touch with something beyond ourselves:
Jane Addams 1860-1935 .
Marian Anderson 1902.
Clara Barton 1821-1912 .
Helen Keller 1880-1968.
Eleanor Roosevelt 1884-1962.
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